A blister is a fluid filled pocket located on the outer layers of the skin that are caused by friction or burns to the outermost layer of the skin. They occur as a result of damage or trauma to the skin which causes fluid to accumulate underneath which protects the tissue underneath. Feet are especially prone to blisters due to poorly fitting/tight shoes.

Most blisters are filled with a clear liquid called serum. In other cases, the blisters are filled with blood, and are appropriately named "blood blisters".

There are several causes of blisters including;

• Friction (poorly fitting shoes etc).
• Burns (scalding, chemical, sunburn etc).
• Allergic reaction to certain irritants such as an insect bite or sting, detergent, cosmetics etc.
• Certain diseases (chicken pox, eczema, impetigo).

Symptoms of blisters:

• Fluid filled bumps on the skin. These may be singular (in the case of friction or burning) or multiple (sunburn or disease). They can range in size.
• Blisters are commonly painful.
• The area around the blister may be red & inflamed.

Blisters treatment:

Blisters generally don't require treatment, they will usually resolve on their own. If you have one that is severe, becomes infected, doesn't clear up or returns then see your doctor as there may be an underlying issue.

Don't pop blisters, the intact skin provides a barrier. Puncturing the area can introduce bacteria & cause infection.  If the blister does pop, leave the remaining skin intact. Apply some antiseptic to the area. Keep it clean and dry while it heals.

Bathe the area in warm salt water twice a day to keep the area clean.

Apply a cold compress to the area to reduce inflammation and help relieve pain.

Apply a soft dressing to help protect the area from further damage. Change dressing daily.

If the blister does burst, clean the area & swab with an antiseptic.

Blisters prevention:

Where possible avoiding the cause of the blister for example;

• Avoid tight/poorly fitting shoes or at least try to limit how long you wear them for.
• Always wear sunscreen when out in the sun.
• Avoidance of the allergy causing factor (cosmetics, detergents etc).

Also see:

Blood blisters