Bunions

Overview:

Bunions (hallux valgus) are a common foot disorder in which the bone or tissue of the first metatarsophalangeal joint become enlarged.

Normally, the big toe points straight forward, however but in some people, the big toe presses against the second toe (this is known as angulation). This causes the bones to be thrown out of alignment, leading to the characteristic bump. The enlargement may become inflamed, swollen and sore. A fluid filled sac near the joint (known as the bursal sac) can also become inflamed,  leading to further swelling & discomfort. This is known as bursitis. A hammer toe of the second toe is common in people with bunions due to the pressure the big toe pressing on it.

Causes of bunions:

Bunions are generally considered to be caused by a mechanical abnormality of the foot. As women are far more commonly affected by bunions than men, it is also believed to be made worse by tight fitting footwear.

Bunions symptoms:

• Enlargement of the base of the big toe.
• Inflammation &  redness.
• Pain, especially when wearing footwear &/or walking.
• Angulation of the big toe outward, towards the smaller toes.

Bunions treatment:

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include;

• Wearing the right footwear. Wide, flat shoes should replace tight fitting, narrow shoes. There should be ample space for the toes.
• Avoid standing for long periods of time.
• A bunion shield can help cushion the bunion & help reduce pain. 
• Anti-inflammatory painkillers such as aspirin or ibuprofen can help relieve inflammation and pain.
• Surgery may be required if other treatments fail to help. There are many different kinds of bunion surgery, these are aimed at removing any bony enlargements &  restoring the normal alignments of the foot.