Roseola

Also known as Exanthum Subitum (sudden rash) or Sixth disease, Roseola is a common viral infection of babies & young children (most infections occur in children aged between six months to two years) characterised by the sudden onset of a high temperature, followed by a fine rash.

It is caused by the herpes virus HHV-6 (Human Herpesvirus Six). This virus belongs to the same family as the HSV (herpes simplex virus) which causes cold sores & genital herpes, however HHV-6 can not cause cold sores.

There are six childhood infections that cause a rash. These are known as "exanthems" (Greek for "breaking out". These are;

• First Disease - Measles

• Second Disease - Scarlet Fever

• Third Disease - Rubella

• Fourth Disease - Duke's disease

• Fifth Disease - Slapped cheek

• Sixth Disease - Roseola

The mode of transmission is believed to from person to person via respiratory secretions. The incubation period (time between exposure to the virus & onset of symptoms) is approximately 10 days. [1]

Roseola symptoms:

• Sudden onset of a high temperature (40 or higher) which lasts three to five days.
• As the fever drops, a fine, non-itchy, pink/red rash develops, appearing first on the trunk, back and neck, spreading to the arms and legs. The rash generally lasts a few days.  The rash will blanch (turn white) upon pressure.

Other symptoms of roseola may include listlessness, coughing, runny nose, vomiting, diarrhea. Other children may have a fever but no rash.

Roseola treatment:

There is no cure for roseola & treatment is aimed supportive care until the virus has run its course. This may include;

• Paracetamol or ibuprofen to treat the fever.
• Offer plenty of fluids.
• Rest. The child should stay home from child care to prevent spreading the infection & give them a chance to recover.

 References:

[1] Roseola (Dr Seers)